Skip to content

Concept Enumeration: GED Science Assessment Targets

Foundational Concepts (1-20)

  1. Scientific Reasoning
  2. Assessment Targets
  3. Career and College Readiness Standards
  4. Science Practices
  5. Content Topics
  6. Depth of Knowledge (DOK)
  7. Test Item Alignment
  8. Scientific Method
  9. Evidence-Based Reasoning
  10. Data Interpretation
  11. Scientific Literacy
  12. Textual Scientific Presentations
  13. Non-Textual Scientific Presentations
  14. Visual Data Representation
  15. Quantitative Reasoning
  16. Qualitative Reasoning
  17. Scientific Inquiry
  18. Experimental Design
  19. Observational Studies
  20. Scientific Communication

Science Practice 1: Comprehending Scientific Presentations (21-35)

  1. Reading Scientific Text
  2. Central Ideas in Science
  3. Summaries of Scientific Findings
  4. Restatements of Research
  5. Scientific Comparisons
  6. Scientific Processes
  7. Scientific Theories Overview
  8. Scientific Trends
  9. Academic Vocabulary in Science
  10. Scientific Symbols
  11. Scientific Terms and Phrases
  12. Context Clues in Science
  13. Graphs and Charts
  14. Tables and Diagrams
  15. Data Visualization

Science Practice 2: Investigation Design (36-60)

  1. Hypothesis Formation
  2. Hypothesis Refinement
  3. Independent Variables
  4. Dependent Variables
  5. Controlled Variables
  6. Sources of Experimental Error
  7. Systematic Error
  8. Random Error
  9. Error Reduction Strategies
  10. Experimental Controls
  11. Sample Size
  12. Replication in Experiments
  13. Experimental Procedures
  14. Scientific Investigation Steps
  15. Measurement Tools
  16. Units of Measurement
  17. Precision and Accuracy
  18. Data Collection Methods
  19. Experimental Design Strengths
  20. Experimental Design Weaknesses
  21. Comparing Experimental Designs
  22. Observational Study Design
  23. Cause and Effect Relationships
  24. Correlation vs Causation
  25. Confounding Variables

Science Practice 3: Reasoning from Data (61-80)

  1. Evidence-Based Conclusions
  2. Citing Textual Evidence
  3. Supporting Findings with Data
  4. Numerical Data Analysis
  5. Data-Driven Reasoning
  6. Logical Conclusions
  7. Scientific Predictions
  8. Trend Analysis
  9. Trend Extrapolation
  10. Variable Relationships
  11. Direct Relationships
  12. Inverse Relationships
  13. Sampling Techniques
  14. Random Sampling
  15. Systematic Sampling
  16. Representative Samples
  17. Sample Bias
  18. Population vs Sample
  19. Statistical Inference
  20. Sampling Strategies

Science Practice 4: Evaluating Conclusions (81-95)

  1. Evaluating Scientific Claims
  2. Evidence Supporting Conclusions
  3. Evidence Challenging Conclusions
  4. Theory Evaluation
  5. Hypothesis Testing
  6. Scientific Models
  7. Model Validation
  8. Conflicting Evidence
  9. Contradictory Results
  10. Data Consistency
  11. Reproducibility
  12. Peer Review Concepts
  13. Scientific Consensus
  14. Theory Modification
  15. Paradigm Shifts

Science Practice 5: Working with Findings (96-105)

  1. Reconciling Multiple Findings
  2. Comparing Scientific Theories
  3. Theory Integration
  4. Scientific Synthesis
  5. Complementary Results
  6. Competing Hypotheses
  7. Best Explanation
  8. Occam's Razor
  9. Scientific Controversy
  10. Theory Refinement

Science Practice 6: Expressing Scientific Information (106-120)

  1. Visual Communication of Science
  2. Creating Graphs
  3. Creating Tables
  4. Creating Diagrams
  5. Chart Types
  6. Numerical Expression
  7. Mathematical Notation
  8. Scientific Notation
  9. Units and Conversions
  10. Verbal Scientific Communication
  11. Scientific Writing
  12. Technical Writing
  13. Data Presentation
  14. Results Reporting
  15. Information Translation

Science Practice 7: Scientific Theories (121-140)

  1. Scientific Theory Definition
  2. Laws vs Theories
  3. Theory Application
  4. Established Scientific Models
  5. Conceptual Models
  6. Mathematical Models
  7. Physical Models
  8. Model Limitations
  9. Theory-Based Predictions
  10. Formula Application
  11. Equation Manipulation
  12. Problem Solving with Formulas
  13. Stoichiometry
  14. Conservation Laws
  15. Thermodynamic Principles
  16. Newton's Laws
  17. Genetic Principles
  18. Evolutionary Theory
  19. Atomic Theory
  20. Cell Theory

Science Practice 8: Probability & Statistics (141-160)

  1. Descriptive Statistics
  2. Mean (Average)
  3. Median
  4. Mode
  5. Range
  6. Standard Deviation
  7. Variance
  8. Data Distribution
  9. Normal Distribution
  10. Skewed Distribution
  11. Counting Principles
  12. Permutations
  13. Combinations
  14. Probability Basics
  15. Simple Probability
  16. Compound Probability
  17. Independent Events
  18. Dependent Events
  19. Punnett Squares
  20. Genetic Probability

Content Domain: Life Science (161-180)

  1. Human Body Systems
  2. Muscular System
  3. Endocrine System
  4. Nervous System
  5. System Integration
  6. Homeostasis
  7. Feedback Mechanisms
  8. External Environment Effects
  9. Nutrition and Nutrients
  10. Disease Transmission
  11. Pathogens
  12. Disease Prevention
  13. Photosynthesis
  14. Cellular Respiration
  15. Fermentation
  16. Energy Flow in Ecosystems
  17. Food Webs and Chains
  18. Producer-Consumer Relationships
  19. Carrying Capacity
  20. Ecosystem Disruption

Content Domain: Life Science Continued (181-200)

  1. Cell Theory
  2. Cell Structure and Function
  3. Cellular Organization
  4. Mitosis
  5. Meiosis
  6. DNA and Inheritance
  7. Chromosomes
  8. Genotypes and Phenotypes
  9. Alleles
  10. Mutations
  11. Natural Selection
  12. Artificial Selection
  13. Adaptation
  14. Speciation
  15. Common Ancestry
  16. Cladograms
  17. Evolution Evidence
  18. Variation in Traits
  19. Differential Survival
  20. Selection Pressure

Total: 200 Concepts

This enumeration covers all major Science Practices (SP.1-SP.8) and begins coverage of the Life Science content domain as outlined in Chapter 1 of the GED Science Assessment Guide.